1. To demonstrate the pathophysiological roles of myelin-laden macrophages in SCI and provide experimental support for novel therapeutic interventions. 2. To study the underlying biologic pathways associated with stem cell-induced macrophage activation. 3. To understand the molecular basis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based upon large-scale gene expression profiling and to explore whether inflammatory response, particularly macrophage activation, contributes to the pathogenesis of ASD.